How Do You Deal with Fixations in Autism? A Helpful Guide

Intense interests and repetitive behaviours, also known as fixations, can be a source of enjoyment for children with autism, as they help them cope with daily life. However, when these fixations become overly restrictive, they can interfere with daily routines, limit engagement in other activities, and lead to stress and anxiety. Therefore, it is crucial to understand these fixations and learn supportive management strategies that nurture a child’s strengths.

Fixation: When Does an Interest Become More?

Fixations are a natural part of human behaviour—everyone has interests they are deeply passionate about. However, in people with autism, fixations often present as an intense, unwavering focus on a specific topic, activity, object, or person, sometimes to the exclusion of everything else. This is often referred to as hyperfixation.

A fixation becomes more than just a strong interest when it starts to interfere with daily life—such as neglecting other responsibilities, struggling to shift attention, or experiencing distress when interrupted. This hyperfixation of a certain interest leads to the neglect of unrelated activities and may require careful management.

Outside of autism, hyperfixation is common in conditions like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, for people with OCD, it is more likely to be obsessions or obsessive attachments—intrusive and unwanted thoughts, feelings, or urges—rather than simple fixations. In ADHD, on the other hand, hyperfixation often involves deep but temporary immersion in an activity, sometimes leading to difficulty switching tasks.

Distinguishing Hyperfixations from Hobby

So, what sets a hobby apart from a hyperfixation? And when does a beloved hobby cross the line into hyperfixation?

The terms hobby and hyperfixation are sometimes used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. A hobby is a strong personal interest that brings enjoyment and fulfilment. It can influence a person’s lifestyle, career choices, and social connections, but it remains balanced within daily life.

Hyperfixation, on the other hand, is an intense, almost immersive focus on a specific activity, topic, or object, often to the point of tuning out everything else. While hobbies are typically flexible and voluntary, hyperfixations can feel all-consuming and difficult to disengage from. Although they can coexist, they are not the same.

How to Tell When an Interest Becomes a Hyperfixation

It can sometimes be challenging to differentiate between enthusiastic interest and hyperfixation. Signs that an interest may have become a hyperfixation include:

• Losing track of time while engaged with the interest.
• Feeling disconnected from the world around you.
• Neglecting basic needs like eating, sleeping or personal hygiene.
• Becoming unaware of your surroundings or others when focused on the interest.
• Feeling as if you have little control over your engagement with the interest.

What Are Common Examples of Autistic Fixations?

Autistic fixations can take many forms. Some common examples include:

• Objects: Specific toys, household items, or collectibles.
• Topics: Animals, numbers, maps, historical events, or a particular TV show.
• Activities: Repetitive movements, routines, or specific games.
• Sensory Experiences: Enjoying particular sounds, textures, or patterns of light.

The Two Sides of Fixations: Benefits and Challenges

When a child with autism has a certain fixation, it can offer both positive and challenging aspects. Understanding both sides is crucial in providing support that can potentially help them find balance in their life.

The Upside of Fixations

Their fixations can be a source of joy, motivation, and comfort. For many children with autism, these intense interests help with self-regulation and provide a sense of emotional stability. In fact, some fixations can even spark skill development, potentially leading to expertise in a specific area and even paving the way for future career opportunities in adulthood.

The Potential Downsides

Despite the benefits, hyperfixating on a certain interest can pose challenges. For example, sudden changes or interruptions in their focus can potentially trigger meltdowns and heightened anxiety. Moreover, spending excessive time on a single interest may limit social interactions or opportunities for new learning experiences, affecting overall development.

How You Can Support Children with Autism in Managing Hyperfixations

Managing hyperfixations can be tricky, but consider these:

1. Understanding the Purpose

Start by observing the function of the fixation. Is it providing comfort, helping to regulate emotions, reducing anxiety, or fulfilling a sensory need? Understanding why their hyperfixation occurs allows you to offer more targeted support. For instance, if the fixation is a coping mechanism for anxiety, you might provide alternative, calming activities that fulfil the same need.

2. Adapting the Environment

The environment can play a significant role in either supporting or hindering hyperfixations. Modify the surroundings to either encourage the positive aspects of the fixation or minimise its negative impact. For example, if the child with autism has a strong interest in a particular activity, ensure they have structured, scheduled time to engage with it, but also introduce variety in ways that are manageable. This balanced approach can help prevent the fixation from becoming all-consuming.

3. Creating Structure and Predictability

Children with autism often thrive in environments where there is structure and predictability. Using routines, timers, and visual supports can help children transition smoothly between their fixation and other necessary tasks without causing stress or frustration. Having clear expectations and transitions can prevent emotional meltdowns and ensure that the child remains engaged in other activities while still allowing time for their fixation.

4. Managing Anxiety

Many fixations serve as self-regulation tools for managing anxiety or emotional distress. In addition to the fixation, offer other coping mechanisms that can provide emotional relief, such as deep breathing exercises, sensory tools, or counselling techniques. Teaching children how to manage their emotions with a variety of strategies can empower them to regulate without relying solely on fixations.

5. Early Intervention

If a fixation starts to interfere with a child’s daily life, early intervention can be crucial. There are early intervention programmes in Singapore that provide guidance on redirection techniques, behavioural strategies, and tailored interventions. These programmes are designed to address challenges early, offering children the tools they need to thrive in various environments.

6. Setting Boundaries

It’s important to set clear and consistent boundaries around fixations to encourage flexibility. Gradually limit the time spent on a specific fixation and encourage the child to engage in other activities. Positive reinforcement can be used to reward flexibility, helping children understand the value of balance while still honouring their interests.

Learn More About How to Manage Hyperfixations

Supporting a child with autism who has the tendency to hyperfixate requires a thoughtful and structured approach. While these fixations can be a source of joy, motivation, and learning, they can also present challenges if they affect their daily activities, responsibilities, or social interactions. Parents can play a crucial role in guiding their children to balance their intense interests with other aspects of life. This involves understanding the purpose behind the fixation, learning how to set healthy boundaries, and incorporating structure into daily routines to ensure their child can engage in other essential activities without distress. By acknowledging both the benefits and challenges, parents can foster an environment where fixations can be leveraged for growth rather than an obstacle.

If your child requires additional support in managing their hyperfixation, professional guidance may be beneficial. Counselling techniques and therapy services can provide personalised strategies to help children self-regulate, develop coping mechanisms, and expand their interests in a way that supports their overall development. These early intervention programmes can also equip parents with techniques to gently redirect fixations when necessary, ensuring that their child continues to thrive while maintaining a healthy and well-rounded lifestyle.

For more insights into how to support children with autism, check out our guide on how to manage autism stimming and how to accommodate students with autism in the classroom.